- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the works authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journals published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
Dampak Aplikasi ScratchJr terhadap Ketrampilan Problem-Solving Anak Usia Dini
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31004/obsesi.v6i3.1531Keywords:
scratchJr, problem-solving, anak usia diniAbstract
Konsep budaya digital mengungkapkan bahwa buta aksara tidak lagi diartikan sebagai keadaan tidak mengetahui cara membaca dan menulis. Buta aksara di era digital diartikan sebagai keadaan tidak dapat menggunakan komputer dan teknologi. Oleh karena itu, pembelajaran berbasis teknologi digital harus dimulai sejak anak usia dini. Tujuan penulisan artikel ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan dampak pembelajaran berbasis scratchJr terhadap ketrampilan problem solving anak usia ini. Metode yang digunakan dalam penulisan artikel ini adalah systematic literatur review dengan melakukan analisis 19 artikel jurnal. Hasil analisis studi teoritis menunjukkan bahwa scratchJr memungkinkan anak usia dini untuk terlibat dalam pembuatan cerita interaktif, permainan, serta kesenangan digital secara mandiri atau hanya memerlukan sedikit bimbingan di sepanjang jalan proses pembuatannya. Anak usia dini dengan cepat dapat mengakses serta memahami kemampuan pemrograman dengan menggunakan pemikiran matematis dalam pendekatan untuk pemecahan masalah atau problem solving.Downloads
References
Araiza-Alba, P., Keane, T., Chen, W. S., & Kaufman, J. (2021). Immersive virtual reality as a tool to learn problem-solving skills. Computers and Education, 164(January), 104121. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2020.104121
Bers, M. U. (2018a). Coding and Computational Thinking in Early Childhood: The Impact of ScratchJr in Europe. European Journal of STEM Education, 3(3). https://doi.org/10.20897/ejsteme/3868
Bers, M. U. (2018b). Coding, playgrounds and literacy in early childhood education: The development of KIBO robotics and ScratchJr. IEEE Global Engineering Education Conference, EDUCON, 2018-April, 2094-2102. https://doi.org/10.1109/EDUCON.2018.8363498
Budak, E. Ç., Geçer, A. K., & Topal, A. D. (2021). The Effect of Programming with Scratch Course on Reflective Thinking Skills of Students towards Problem Solving. Journal of Learning and Teaching in Digital Age, 6(1), 72-80.
Busch, J. T. A., & Legare, C. H. (2019). Using data to solve problems: Children reason flexibly in response to different kinds of evidence. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 183, 172-188. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jecp.2019.01.007
Calder, N. (2010). Using Scratch: An integrated problem-solving approach to mathematical thinking. Australian Primary Mathematics Classroom, 15(4), 9-14. http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/contentdelivery/servlet/ERICServlet?accno=EJ906680%5Cnhttp://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/detail?accno=EJ906680
Chou, P. N. (2020). Using ScratchJr to Foster Young Children's Computational Thinking Competence: A Case Study in a Third-Grade Computer Class. Journal of Educational Computing Research, 58(3), 570-595. https://doi.org/10.1177/0735633119872908
Delacruz, S. (2020). Starting From Scratch (Jr.): Integrating Code Literacy in the Primary Grades. Reading Teacher, 73(6), 805-812. https://doi.org/10.1002/trtr.1909
Dyah, A. D. M., & Setiawati, F. A. (2019). The Problem Solving Skills in Kindergarten Student Based on the Stages of Problem Solving. Jurnal Obsesi : Jurnal Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini, 3(1), 274. https://doi.org/10.31004/obsesi.v3i1.174
Fessakis, G., Gouli, E., & Mavroudi, E. (2013). Problem solving by 5-6 years old kindergarten children in a computer programming environment: A case study. Computers and Education, 63, 87-97. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2012.11.016
Flannery, L. P., Kazakoff, E. R., Bontá, P., Silverman, B., Bers, M. U., & Resnick, M. (2013). Designing ScratchJr: Support for early childhood learning through computer programming. ACM International Conference Proceeding Series, 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1145/2485760.2485785
Goschnick, S. (2016). App Review. International Journal of People-Oriented Programming, 4(1), 50-55. https://doi.org/10.4018/IJPOP.2015010104
Greenwood, C. R., Walker, D., Carta, J. J., & Higgins, S. K. (2006). Developing a general outcome measure of growth in the cognitive abilities of children 1 to 4 years old: The early problem-solving indicator. School Psychology Review, 35(4), 535-551. https://doi.org/10.1080/02796015.2006.12087960
Hatzigianni, M. (2018). Transforming early childhood experiences with digital technologies. Global Studies of Childhood, 8(2), 173-183. https://doi.org/10.1177/2043610617734987
Hufad, A., Faturrohman, M., & Rusdiyani, I. (2021). Unplugged Coding Activities for Early Childhood Problem-Solving Skills. Jurnal Pendidikan Usia Dini, 15(1), 121-140.
Joseph, G. E., & Strain, P. S. (2010). Teaching young children interpersonal problem-solving skills. Young Exceptional Children, 13(3), 28-40. https://doi.org/10.1177/1096250610365144
Kobsiripat, W. (2015). Effects of the Media to Promote the Scratch Programming Capabilities Creativity of Elementary School Students. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 174, 227-232. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.01.651
Leidl, K. D., Umaschi-Bers, M., & Mihm, C. (2017). Programming with scratchjr: A review of the first year of user analytics. Proceedings of International Conference on Computational Thinking Education, 116-121.
Lile Diamond, L. (2018). Problem Solving in the Early Years. In Intervention in School and Clinic (Vol. 53, Issue 4, pp. 220-223). https://doi.org/10.1177/1053451217712957
Nuryatmawati, "Azizah Muthi," & Dimyati, D. (2021). Efektifitas Pendekatan Saintifik terhadap Kemampuan Pemecahan Masalah Anak Usia 3-6 Tahun. Jurnal Obsesi : Jurnal Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini, 5(2), 2071-2081. https://doi.org/10.31004/obsesi.v5i2.1048
Palmer, S. B., Summers, J. A., Brotherson, M. J., Erwin, E. J., Maude, S. P., Stroup-Rentier, V., wu, H. yi, Peck, N. F., Zheng, Y., Weigel, C. J., Chu, S. Y., Mcgrath, G. S., & Haines, S. J. (2013). Foundations for Self-Determination in Early Childhood: An Inclusive Model for Children With Disabilities. Topics in Early Childhood Special Education, 33(1), 38-47. https://doi.org/10.1177/0271121412445288
Papadakis, S., Kalogiannakis, M., & Zaranis, N. (2016). Developing fundamental programming concepts and computational thinking with ScratchJr in preschool education: A case study. International Journal of Mobile Learning and Organisation, 10(3), 187-202. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJMLO.2016.077867
Paper, C., Kalogiannakis, M., … S. P. the 12th C. of the, & 2017, U. (2017). A proposal for teaching ScratchJr programming environment in preservice kindergarten teachers. Academia.Edu, October, 2013-2015. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/320546761
Popay, J., Roberts, H., Sowden, A., Petticrew, M., Arai, L., Rodgers, M., Britten, N., Roen, K., & Duffy, S. (2006). Guidance on the Conduct of Narrative Synthesis in Systematic Reviews A Product from the ESRC Methods Programme Peninsula Medical School, Universities of Exeter and Plymouth. April 2006, 1-92. https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.178.3100&rep=rep1&type=pdf
Portelance, D. J., & Bers, M. U. (2015). Code and tell: Assessing young children's learning of computational thinking using peer video interviews with ScratchJr. Proceedings of IDC 2015: The 14th International Conference on Interaction Design and Children, 271-274. https://doi.org/10.1145/2771839.2771894
Portelance, D. J., Strawhacker, A. L., & Bers, M. U. (2016). Constructing the ScratchJr programming language in the early childhood classroom. International Journal of Technology and Design Education, 26(4), 489-504. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10798-015-9325-0
Razban, S., Shahhosseyni, S., & Bagheri, M. (2020). The Effect of Programming Training via Scratch Software on Student Problem Solving Skill. Evaluasi Publikasi Pendidikan Akademik, 3, 93-107.
Rose, S. P., Jacob Habgood, M. P., & Jay, T. (2017). An exploration of the role of visual programming tools in the development of young children's computational thinking. Electronic Journal of E-Learning, 15(4), 297-309. https://doi.org/10.34190/ejel.15.4.2368
Setyaningtyas, P., & Harun, H. (2020). Brain Based Learning Efektif Meningkatkan Kemampuan Pemecahan Masalah Konsep Bilangan Anak Usia Dini. Jurnal Obsesi : Jurnal Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini, 4(2), 1021. https://doi.org/10.31004/obsesi.v4i2.479
Strawhacker, A., Lee, M., Bers, M., & Caine, C. (2015). ScratchJr Demo: A coding language for Kindergarten. Proceedings of IDC 2015: The 14th International Conference on Interaction Design and Children, 414-417. https://doi.org/10.1145/2771839.2771867
Strawhacker, A., Lee, M., & Bers, M. U. (2018). Teaching tools, teachers' rules: exploring the impact of teaching styles on young children's programming knowledge in ScratchJr. International Journal of Technology and Design Education, 28(2), 347-376. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10798-017-9400-9
Sullivan, A., & Umashi Bers, M. (2019). Computer Science Education in Early Childhood: The Case of ScratchJr. Journal of Information Technology Education: Innovations in Practice, 18, 113-138. https://doi.org/10.28945/4437
Unahalekhaka, A., & Bers, M. U. (2021). Taking coding home: analysis of ScratchJr usage in home and school settings. Educational Technology Research and Development, 69(3), 1579-1598. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11423-021-10011-w
Yalçın, V., & Erden, Ş. (2021). The Effect of STEM Activities Prepared According to the Design Thinking Model on Preschool Children's Creativity and Problem-Solving Skills. Thinking Skills and Creativity, 41(May). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsc.2021.100864
Yu, K. C., Fan, S. C., & Lin, K. Y. (2015). Enhancing Students' Problem-Solving Skills Through Context-Based Learning. International Journal of Science and Mathematics Education, 13(6), 1377-1401. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10763-014-9567-4